Becoming increasingly dominant on sandy beaches everywhere. Also planted inland for ornamental purposes, and is invasive in such settings if on sand or wetlands filled with carbonate 'marl'. (Kristan (2002) Cayman Invasive Species List);
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- 13.3. Marine Coastal/Supratidal – Coastal Sand Dunes
- 1.6. Forest – Subtropical/tropical moist lowland
Aggresively colonizes sandy beaches where it forms monocultures with deap leaf litter killing native vegetation. Shallow root system leaves trees prone to uprooting in storms, accelerating coastal erosion. Subject of extremely expensive eradication efforts in Florida for these reasons. (Kristan (2002) Cayman Invasive Species List);
Terrestrial (coastal).
Unknown initial pathway, via seeds dispersed by sea within territory. (Kristan (2002) Cayman Invasive Species List);
Kristan (2002) Cayman Invasive Species List; Burton F J, Jenna Wong L, Pagad S (2020). Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species - Cayman Brac, Cayman Islands. Version 1.6. Invasive Species Specialist Group ISSG. Species Specialist Group ISSG. Species Specialist Group ISSG. Available at: https://doi.org/10.15468/asqqbw Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/0crgyy accessed via GBIF.org on 2022-08-22.