Not established in the wild. (Horizon scanning consensus for Gibraltar (Unknown).);
- 1.4. Forest – Temperate
Invasive (European Commission (2005) Especies vegetales invasoras en Andulasia. La Consejería de Medio Ambiente, Junta de Andalucía);
Minor. (Horizon scanning consensus for Gibraltar (Unknown).; Horizon scanning draft for Gibraltar version 0.4 (Unknown).).
Minor. (Horizon scanning consensus for Gibraltar (Unknown).; Horizon scanning draft for Gibraltar version 0.4 (Unknown).).
Minor. (Horizon scanning consensus for Gibraltar (Unknown).; Horizon scanning draft for Gibraltar version 0.4 (Unknown).).
Introduced from North America. From Montse's invasive list. (Horizon scanning draft for Gibraltar version 0.3 (Unknown).; Horizon scanning draft for Gibraltar version 0.3 (Unknown).; Horizon scanning draft for Gibraltar version 0.4 (Unknown).);
Horizon scanning draft for Gibraltar version 0.3 (Unknown).; European Commission (2005) Especies vegetales invasoras en Andulasia. La Consejería de Medio Ambiente, Junta de Andalucía; Horizon scanning consensus for Gibraltar (Unknown).; Horizon scanning draft for Gibraltar version 0.3 (Unknown).; Horizon scanning draft for Gibraltar version 0.4 (Unknown).;