Not established in the wild. (Horizon scanning consensus for Gibraltar (Unknown).; Horizon scanning draft for Gibraltar version 0.3 (Unknown).); Forestry weed- a serious weed of pine plantations in the SE United States, negatively impacts tourism by reducing access to forests for recreation and leisure (EPPO datasheet);
Major. Forms monotypic stands, promotes and is adapted to fire. (Horizon scanning consensus for Gibraltar (Unknown); Horizon scanning draft for Gibraltar version 0.4 (Unknown).); Major. Forms monotypic stands, promotes and is adapted to fire. (Horizon scanning draft for Gibraltar version 0.1 (Unknown).. Horizon scanning draft for Gibraltar version 0.3 (Unknown).).
Minor. no evidence. (Horizon scanning consensus for Gibraltar (Unknown); Horizon scanning draft for Gibraltar version 0.4 (Unknown).; Horizon scanning draft for Gibraltar version 0.1 (Unknown).. Horizon scanning draft for Gibraltar version 0.3 (Unknown).).
Minor. (Horizon scanning consensus for Gibraltar (Unknown); Horizon scanning draft for Gibraltar version 0.4 (Unknown).); Massive. Impalatable to grazers, impacts crops. (Horizon scanning draft for Gibraltar version 0.1 (Unknown).. Horizon scanning draft for Gibraltar version 0.3 (Unknown).).
Horizon scanning consensus for Gibraltar (Unknown).; Horizon scanning draft for Gibraltar version 0.1 (Unknown).; Horizon scanning draft for Gibraltar version 0.4 (Unknown).;