Naturalised. (Florence, J., Waldren, S. & Chepstow-Lusty, A.J. (1995)The flora of the Pitcairn Islands: a review, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 56, pp. 79119.);
- 14.3. Artificial - Terrestrial – Plantations
- 14.5. Artificial - Terrestrial – Urban Areas
Invasive. (Christian, M., Warren, J., Warren, C., Myer, B., Moverly, D., Wong, L. J. & Pagad, S. (2022) Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species - Pitcairn Islands - Great Britain. Version 1.7. Invasive Species Specialist Group ISSG. Checklist dataset. );
The major conservation problem of Pitcairn, invading a variety of communities in various ecological situations and threatening the survival of many native plants (Waldren et al., in press). Florence 77033. (Florence, J., Waldren, S. & Chepstow-Lusty, A.J. (1995)The flora of the Pitcairn Islands: a review, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 56, pp. 79119.);
Terrestrial.
Christian, M., Warren, J., Warren, C., Myer, B., Moverly, D., Wong, L. J. & Pagad, S. (2022) Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species - Pitcairn Islands - Great Britain. Version 1.7. Invasive Species Specialist Group ISSG. Checklist dataset.; Florence, J., Waldren, S. & Chepstow-Lusty, A.J. (1995)The flora of the Pitcairn Islands: a review, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 56, pp. 79119.; UKOTs Team (2024). UKOTs Online Herbarium - Pitcairn. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet at http://brahmsonline.kew.org/UKOT (July 2024);