Larvae can become so numerous they can cause severe defoliation, particularly on younger trees and bushes, which may ultimately lead to the death of the plant. (Animal and Plant Health Agency (2020). Factsheets for 21 established invasive species of common concern to Anguilla and TCI for either eradication or control. FERA);
Terrestrial. An Old-World species, P. demoleus is found throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the Middle East across southern Asia and into Australia. (Animal and Plant Health Agency (2020). Factsheets for 21 established invasive species of common concern to Anguilla and TCI for either eradication or control. FERA); Near-endemic Papilio andraemon looks similar so reporting events must be carefully verified.
Natural dispersal: mass migration of the adults. It is a rather strong flyer. Dispersal may be influenced by things like solar radiation, temperature, wind and humidity. Intentional/Anthropogenic dispersal: Generally, introduction is via the import of infested citrus stock with eggs, larvae or pupae. Under the right conditions, spread can occur quickly from the point of introduction. (Animal and Plant Health Agency (2020). Factsheets for 21 established invasive species of common concern to Anguilla and TCI for either eradication or control. FERA);
Animal and Plant Health Agency (2020). Factsheets for 21 established invasive species of common concern to Anguilla and TCI for either eradication or control. FERA