Single plant found at Maiviken and Grytviken both controlled in 2010 with no new plants found since. The single plant recorded at Leith Harbour in 1981 had developed seedlings by 2013. (Floyd, K. (2013) Weeds on South Georgia. Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.); Several seedlings found near to Leith kino and historic Maiviken and Grytviken sites clear. (Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2015) Alien plants on South Georgia: Season Report 2014-2015. Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.); Persistent. Nothing was found at any of the sites this season. (Floyd, K. (2018) Non-native plants on South Georgia: Season Report 2017/18. Indigena Biosecurity International, Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands);
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Terrestrial
James, R., Floyd, K., Pagad, S. & Wong, L.J. (2020) Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. Version 1.4. Invasive Species Specialist Group ISSG. Checklist dataset; Greene, S.W. & Walton, D.W.H. (1975). An annotated checklist of the sub-Antarctic and Antarctic vascular flora, Polar Record, 17(110), pp. 473, 484.; Floyd, K. (2013) Weeds on South Georgia. Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.; Government of South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands (2016) South Georgia Non-Native Plant Management Strategy 2016-2020. Government House, Stanley, Falkland Islands.; Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2015) Alien plants on South Georgia: Season Report 2014-2015. Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.; Floyd, K. (2018) Non-native plants on South Georgia: Season Report 2017/18. Indigena Biosecurity International, Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands;