A large number appeared on the east side sand slopes when the water catchment sheeting was removed, but numbers crashed within two to three years, and only scattered individuals remain. (Species that have been introduced into Gibraltar. (Unknown).); Common. (Gibraltar flora database (Unknown));
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Invasive (Species that have been introduced into Gibraltar. (Unknown).; European Commission (2005) Especies vegetales invasoras en Andulasia. La Consejería de Medio Ambiente, Junta de Andalucía);
Can be a problem, but it is only usual to see individual plants about the Rock, not competing with native species. (Species that have been introduced into Gibraltar. (Unknown).);
Terrestrial. Introduced from South America. (Species that have been introduced into Gibraltar. (Unknown).);
Pagad S., Wong L.J. (2020): Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species – Gibraltar. v1.1. Invasive Species Specialist Group ISSG; Gibraltar Nature Reserve Management Plan (2019). Department of the Environment, Heritage and Climate Change. H.M. Government of Gibraltar; Species that have been introduced into Gibraltar. (Unknown).; Perez, C.E. & Bensusan, K. (2005) The Upper Rock Nature Reserve, A Management and Action Plan. The Gibraltar Ornithological & Natural History Society. Gibraltar; Gibraltar flora database (Unknown); European Commission (2005) Especies vegetales invasoras en Andulasia. La Consejería de Medio Ambiente, Junta de Andalucía;