Cultivated and naturalised. Occasional. Widespread across the Falkland Islands. High risk (R. Lewis 2013). (Upson R. & Lewis R. (2014). Updated atlas and checklist. Report to Falklands Conservation. 225 pp); Present in garden surveys. (Creation of a Risk Assessment Protocol for Cultivated Species in the Falkland Islands and Volunteer invasive plant recording sheet (Unknown).); Widespread, occasional. Falkland islands wide. ([Heller, 2019] Falklands Conservation Flora and Fauna List (Unknown));
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Invasive. (Whitehead, J. (2008) Priorities for Control: A Risk Assessment of Introduced Species on the Falkland Islands. South Atlantic Invasive Species Project );
A European Southern-temperate species that is widely naturalised outside its native range. (Upson R. & Lewis R. (2014). Updated atlas and checklist. Report to Falklands Conservation. 225 pp);
Erosion control. (Upson R. & Lewis R. (2014). Updated atlas and checklist. Report to Falklands Conservation. 225 pp); It (or has been) deliberately planted. (Whitehead, J. (2008) Priorities for Control: A Risk Assessment of Introduced Species on the Falkland Islands. South Atlantic Invasive Species Project );
Blake D., Stanworth A., Wong L, Pagad S. (2020). Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species of Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas). Version 1.2. Invasive Species Specialist Group ISSG.; Creation of a Risk Assessment Protocol for Cultivated Species in the Falkland Islands and Volunteer invasive plant recording sheet (Unknown).; Whitehead, J. (2008) Priorities for Control: A Risk Assessment of Introduced Species on the Falkland Islands. South Atlantic Invasive Species Project ; Upson, R. (2012). Important Plant Areas of the Falkland Islands. Unpublished Report, Falklands Conservation. 80 pp.; Moore, D.M. (1968) The vascular flora of the Falkland Islands. Cambridge, British Antarctic Survey, 202pp. (British Antarctic Survey Scientific Reports, 60).; Upson R. & Lewis R. (2014). Updated atlas and checklist. Report to Falklands Conservation. 225 pp; ([Heller, 2019] Falklands Conservation Flora and Fauna List (Unknown))