High Risk, Low Eradication Impedance, Low Net Area. (Creation of a Risk Assessment Protocol for Cultivated Species in the Falkland Islands and Volunteer invasive plant recording sheet (Unknown).); Cultivated. Very rare. Recorded on East Falkland (Stanley, Mount Pleasant Complex), Beaver Island and Keppel Island. Casual; Probably locally extirpated; High risk; All plants controlled (R. Lewis 2013). (Upson R and Lewis R. Updated atlas and checklist. Report to Falklands Conservation. 2014; 225 pp.);
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Invasive. (Whitehead, J. (2008) Priorities for Control: A Risk Assessment of Introduced Species on the Falkland Islands. South Atlantic Invasive Species Project .pdf);
Native to European temperate areas but extensively naturalised beyond this range. (Upson R and Lewis R. Updated atlas and checklist. Report to Falklands Conservation. 2014; 225 pp.);
Cultivated ornamental. (Upson R. & Lewis R. (2014). Updated atlas and checklist. Report to Falklands Conservation. 225 pp.); Used as a garden shrub. (Falkland Islands Government (Unknown) Biosecurity & Invasives Strategy 2017-2020. Falkland Islands Government.);
Blake D., Stanworth A., Wong L, Pagad S. (2020). Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species of Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas). Version 1.2. Invasive Species Specialist Group ISSG. , Department of Agriculture (2014). Biosecurity Workshops Report. Department of Agriculture. - Invasive Plants in the Falkland; Whitehead, J. (2008) Priorities for Control: A Risk Assessment of Introduced Species on the Falkland Islands. South Atlantic Invasive Species Project ; Islands - 13187_WC1010Finalreport2015.pdf; Creation of a Risk Assessment Protocol for Cultivated Species in the Falkland Islands and Volunteer invasive plant recording sheet (Unknown).; Whitehead, J. (2008) Priorities for Control: A Risk Assessment of Introduced Species on the Falkland Islands. South Atlantic Invasive Species Project ; Falkland Islands Government (Unknown) Biosecurity & Invasives Strategy 2017-2020. Falkland Islands Government.; Upson R and Lewis R. Updated atlas and checklist. Report to Falklands Conservation. 2014; 225 pp.;