Widespread High-Risk Invasive Species Were Identified Where Control Would Be Possible. (Department of Agriculture (2014). Biosecurity Workshops Report. Department of Agriculture); Naturalised. Some plants controlled (R. Lewis 2013). Not cultivated Predominantly found in built up areas and gardens or near the coast on maritime cliff and slop, coastland rock, sand dunes, coastland shingle, improved grassland, also occurs in dwarf shrub heath (coastal), strandline vegetation, introduced vegetation, marshy grassland, rarely in coastal (saline) grassland. 0-60 m. Occasional. Widespread across the Falkland Islands. (Upson R. & Lewis R. (2014). Updated atlas and checklist. Report to Falklands Conservation. 225 pp.);
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Invasive. (Whitehead, J. (2008) Priorities for Control: A Risk Assessment of Introduced Species on the Falkland Islands. South Atlantic Invasive Species Project ); High risk. (Upson R. & Lewis R. (2014). Updated atlas and checklist. Report to Falklands Conservation. 225 pp.);
Native to southern-temperate Europe; widely naturalised outside this region. (Upson R. & Lewis R. (2014). Updated atlas and checklist. Report to Falklands Conservation. 225 pp.);
Blake D., Stanworth A., Wong L, Pagad S. (2020). Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species of Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas). Version 1.2. Invasive Species Specialist Group ISSG.; Department of Agriculture (2014). Biosecurity Workshops Report. Department of Agriculture.pdf; Creation of a Risk Assessment Protocol for Cultivated Species in the Falkland Islands and Volunteer invasive plant recording sheet (Unknown).; Whitehead, J. (2008) Priorities for Control: A Risk Assessment of Introduced Species on the Falkland Islands. South Atlantic Invasive Species Project ; Upson R. & Lewis R. (2014). Updated atlas and checklist. Report to Falklands Conservation. 225 pp.;