Naturalised. Populations at Grytviken, King Edward Cove, Ocean Harbour, Stromness, Leith, Husvic and the Pintail Peninsula. (Floyd, K. (2013) Weeds on South Georgia. Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.); Found behind Grytviken Whaling Station. Have a moderate population density could dominate the vegetated landscape. (Government of South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands (2016) South Georgia Non-Native Plant Management Strategy 2016-2020. Government House, Stanley, Falkland Islands.); Locally common. Populations at Grytviken, Lewin and Barff. (Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2015) Alien plants on South Georgia: Season Report 2014-2015. Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.); Widespread naturalised. Populations at Bore Valley, Brown Flats, Godthul, Grass Island, Grytviken, Husvik, Olsen, Penguin River and Prince Olav Harbour. (Floyd, K. (2018) Non-native plants on South Georgia: Season Report 2017/18. Indigena Biosecurity International, Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands);
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Terrestrial
James, R., Floyd, K., Pagad, S. & Wong, L.J. (2020) Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. Version 1.4. Invasive Species Specialist Group ISSG. Checklist dataset; Greene, S.W. & Walton, D.W.H. (1975). An annotated checklist of the sub-Antarctic and Antarctic vascular flora, Polar Record, 17(110), pp. 473, 484.; Floyd, K. (2013) Weeds on South Georgia. Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.; Government of South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands (2016) South Georgia Non-Native Plant Management Strategy 2016-2020. Government House, Stanley, Falkland Islands.; Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2015) Alien plants on South Georgia: Season Report 2014-2015. Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.; Floyd, K. (2018) Non-native plants on South Georgia: Season Report 2017/18. Indigena Biosecurity International, Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands;