Not established in the wild, in Italy. (Horizon scanning consensus for Gibraltar (Unknown).);
- 10.1. Marine Oceanic – Epipelagic (0–200 m)
- 9.2. Marine Neritic – Subtidal rock and rocky reefs
- 9.4. Marine Neritic – Subtidal sandy
- 9.9. Marine Neritic – Seagrass (Submerged)
Invasive (Dissanayake, A., Kleitou, P., Johnstone, G., Kletou, D., Warr, S., Crisp, C., Berry, A. and Fa, D.A. (2021) Key climate change effects on the around the Mediterranean UK Overseas Territories. MCCIP Science Review 2021, 20pp doi: 10.14465/2021.orc03.med)
Moderate, potential threat to biodiversity, but data scant. (Horizon scanning consensus for Gibraltar (Unknown).);
Poisonous and a high risk to human health (East Med, 2010). (Dissanayake, A., Kleitou, P., Johnstone, G., Kletou, D., Warr, S., Crisp, C., Berry, A. and Fa, D.A. (2021) Key climate change effects on the around the Mediterranean UK Overseas Territories. MCCIP Science Review 2021, 20pp doi: 10.14465/2021.orc03.med); Major, highly toxic if ingested, can cause death. Socio economic impacts: Minimal, no commercial fisheries activity to be impacted. (Horizon scanning consensus for Gibraltar (Unknown).);
Causes considerable damage to fishing nets and longlines. (Dissanayake, A., Kleitou, P., Johnstone, G., Kletou, D., Warr, S., Crisp, C., Berry, A. and Fa, D.A. (2021) Key climate change effects on the around the Mediterranean UK Overseas Territories. MCCIP Science Review 2021, 20pp doi: 10.14465/2021.orc03.med); Minimal, no commercial fisheries activity to be impacted. (Horizon scanning consensus for Gibraltar (Unknown).);
Marine. Indo-Pacific origin. (Dissanayake, A., Kleitou, P., Johnstone, G., Kletou, D., Warr, S., Crisp, C., Berry, A. and Fa, D.A. (2021) Key climate change effects on the around the Mediterranean UK Overseas Territories. MCCIP Science Review 2021, 20pp doi: 10.14465/2021.orc03.med);
Dissanayake, A., Kleitou, P., Johnstone, G., Kletou, D., Warr, S., Crisp, C., Berry, A. and Fa, D.A. (2021) Key climate change effects on the around the Mediterranean UK Overseas Territories. MCCIP Science Review 2021, 20pp doi: 10.14465/2021.orc03.med;