Established. (Lambdon, P., & Darlow, A. (2012). Flowering plants & ferns of St Helena. Pisces Publications for St Helena Nature Conservation Group);
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- 14.4. Artificial - Terrestrial – Rural Gardens
Introduced to gardens. Has strong root system which is not easy to spray back, leaves often die but roots stay alive. (Non-Native Species Workshop (2024) Non-Native Species Workshop for St Helena. Workshop, St Helena, 15-19 January 2024.);
Lambdon, P., & Darlow, A. (2012). Flowering plants & ferns of St Helena. Pisces Publications for St Helena Nature Conservation Group. Pisces Publications for St Helena Nature Conservation Group; Williams, R.O. (1980). The Plants of St. Helena. Privately published, Jamestown, St Helena; Non-Native Species Workshop (2024) Non-Native Species Workshop for St Helena. Workshop, St Helena, 15-19 January 2024.;