Populations at Husvik and Leith Harbour. This species has had limited opportunities to flower with reindeer present, and could quickly expand its range without grazing pressure. The historic record for Stromness was searched for and not found in Feb 2013. (Floyd, K. (2013) Weeds on South Georgia. Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.); At Husvik some plants are appearing that have been suppressed by reindeer or have been spread by floods along the stream but overall the Husvik population appears under control. At Stromness no plants reappeared at previous site. In Leith only a few outliers around the previous site were found and treated. (Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2015) Alien plants on South Georgia: Season Report 2014-2015. Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.); Restricted naturalised. Plants continue to be found within Husvik whaling station. (Floyd, K. (2018) Non-native plants on South Georgia: Season Report 2017/18. Indigena Biosecurity International, Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands);
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- 14.2. Artificial - Terrestrial – Pastureland
- 14.5. Artificial - Terrestrial – Urban Areas
- 5.1. Wetlands (inland) – Permanent rivers/streams/creeks (includes waterfalls)
- 5.3. Wetlands (inland) – Shrub dominated wetlands
- 5.4. Wetlands (inland) – Bogs, marshes, swamps, fens, peatlands
Terrestrial
Stem and root fragments are spread during periods of flooding and have also increased this year due to the favourable growing season and in response to cessation of grazing by reindeer. Spread is vegetative although in favourable seasons (eg this year), some plants will flower. (Floyd, K. (2018) Non-native plants on South Georgia: Season Report 2017/18. Indigena Biosecurity International, Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands);
James, R., Floyd, K., Pagad, S. & Wong, L.J. (2020) Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. Version 1.4. Invasive Species Specialist Group ISSG. Checklist dataset; Greene, S.W. & Walton, D.W.H. (1975). An annotated checklist of the sub-Antarctic and Antarctic vascular flora, Polar Record, 17(110), pp. 473, 484.; Floyd, K. (2013) Weeds on South Georgia. Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.; Government of South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands (2016) South Georgia Non-Native Plant Management Strategy 2016-2020. Government House, Stanley, Falkland Islands.; Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2015) Alien plants on South Georgia: Season Report 2014-2015. Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.; Floyd, K. (2018) Non-native plants on South Georgia: Season Report 2017/18. Indigena Biosecurity International, Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands;