Historic record in Grytviken and new population found at the back of Leith Valley. (Floyd, K. (2013) Weeds on South Georgia. Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.); Population at Leith. (Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2015) Alien plants on South Georgia: Season Report 2014-2015. Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.); Transient. Sites in the Hansen Valley were followed up this year. A new site with plants in flower was found in the lower Hansen Valley and another in the Leith Harbour whaling station. (Floyd, K. (2018) Non-native plants on South Georgia: Season Report 2017/18. Indigena Biosecurity International, Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands);
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Terrestrial
Likely introduced with livestock fodder during the whaling era, although there is a small possibility that the presence of this species is the result of a natural introduction.(Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2015) Alien plants on South Georgia: Season Report 2014-2015. Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.);
James, R., Floyd, K., Pagad, S. & Wong, L.J. (2020) Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. Version 1.4. Invasive Species Specialist Group ISSG. Checklist dataset; Floyd, K. (2013) Weeds on South Georgia. Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.; Government of South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands (2016) South Georgia Non-Native Plant Management Strategy 2016-2020. Government House, Stanley, Falkland Islands.; Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2015) Alien plants on South Georgia: Season Report 2014-2015. Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.; Floyd, K. (2018) Non-native plants on South Georgia: Season Report 2017/18. Indigena Biosecurity International, Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; Greene, S.W. & Walton, D.W.H. (1975). An annotated checklist of the sub-Antarctic and Antarctic vascular flora, Polar Record, 17(110), pp. 473, 484.