somewhat invasive, spreading slowly and replacing native vegetation [1]. Tristan: In large numbers [2]. Inaccessible: Introduced to Waterfall Beach (Wace & Holdgate 1976), and well established in the northern cliffs in 1976 (Wace & Ollier 1984). Some plants on the plateau. An eradication program has been started, and most plants have been removed (Ryan et al 2010). Regular monitoring and the removal of some isolated plants is still needed [3].
Somewhat invasive, spreading slowly and replacing native vegetation [1] Nightingale: An aggressive alien on Nightingale in the 1960s.
Tristan: In large numbers planted in the Settlement; from here spreading to the E, mainly in the 1961 lava area. Also some plants further on in the Pigbite area. Flax appears also to have been planted localy at Sandy Point, and is spreading slowly there. Also planted around many gardens [2]. Nightingale: A control program was started in 1968 Wace 1976: 60), and is continued since then, appearing very successful. In 1989/1990 only a few small plants were found along the edge of First Pond and in Phylica bush (Roux et al. 1992) [3].
Introduced to Tristan in the 1800s for thatching; currently used as a windbreak around houses and gardens [1
[1] Ryan, P. (ed.) (2007). Field Guide to the Animals and Plants of Tristan da Cunha and Gough Island. Pisces Publications, Newbury. 162 pp; [2] Gremmen, N.J.M. and R.L. Halbertsma (2009). Alien plants and their impact on Tristan da Cunha. Report Data-Analyse Ecology, Diever, NL.; [3] Gremmen, N. J. M. (2010). Alien vascular plants of Inaccessible, Nightingale and Gough Islands (Tristan da Cunha Group).; [4] Wace N. and Ollier C.D. (1984). Biogeography and geomorphology of South Atlantic islands. National Geographic Society Research Reports 1975, 733–758; [5] Ryan, P. (2010). Annotated list of vascular plants recorded from Inaccessible Island. Unpublished Report.; [6] Roux, J.P., Ryan, P.G., Milton, S.J. and Moloney, C.L. (1992) Vegetation and checklist of Inaccessible Island, central South Atlantic Ocean, with notes on Nightingale Island. Bothalia 22 (1): 93 – 109.