has spread [1]
- 5.4. Wetlands (inland) – Bogs, marshes, swamps, fens, peatlands
wet and disturbed areas near the settlement [1]. Growing at several places in and around the settlement, and in the 1961 lava area. At Sandy Point a large patch of this species grows in a wet part of the plantation. Also planted in gardens [2].
Slowly spreading vegetatively, but not colonizing new areas [2].
Dispersed with garden waste [2].
[1] Ryan, P. (ed.) (2007). Field Guide to the Animals and Plants of Tristan da Cunha and Gough Island. Pisces Publications, Newbury. 162 pp; [2] Gremmen, N.J.M. and R.L. Halbertsma (2009). Alien plants and their impact on Tristan da Cunha. Report Data-Analyse Ecology, Diever, NL.; [3] Maczey, N., Tanner, R., Cheesman, O., & Shaw, R. (2012). Understanding and addressing the impact of invasive non-native species in the UK Overseas Territories in the South Atlantic: A review of the potential for biocontrol. Unpublished report. CABI (ref: TR10086).